在近几年的发展过程中，部分地区在锅炉使用方面，实现了由燃煤锅炉向燃气锅炉的过度，很多城市的工业锅炉或采暖锅炉等，都已经换成了相对的燃气锅炉。在政策层面，也大力支持锅炉的“煤改气”。可以说，基于燃气锅炉在、、降耗方面的优势，其在推广使用过程中，得到了广泛的认可。从体积上看，燃气锅炉要比燃煤锅炉小很多，并且是锅炉工作过程中，可以更加的使用自动化控制。从现实的情况来看，燃气锅炉的应用范围比较广，其市场前景不错。燃气锅炉的控制系统也在随着技术的进步，逐渐变得更加自动化和智能化。
In recent years, some areas have realized the transition from coal-fired boilers to gas-fired boilers in the use of boilers. Industrial boilers or heating boilers in many cities have been replaced by gas-fired boilers with relatively energy-saving and environmental protection. At the national policy level, we also strongly support the "coal-to-gas" transformation of boilers. It can be said that, based on the advantages of gas boiler in environmental protection, energy saving and consumption reduction, it has been widely recognized in the process of popularization and use. In terms of volume, gas-fired boilers are much smaller than coal-fired boilers, and they can be used more efficiently in the process of boiler operation. In reality, gas-fired boilers have a wide range of applications and good market prospects. With the development of technology, the control system of gas-fired boiler is becoming more automatic and intelligent.
燃气锅炉运行控制要点
Key Points of Energy-saving Operation Control for Gas-fired Boilers
1.对空气进行准确科学的控制
1. Accurate and scientific control of air
空气系数标准状态下，1立方米气体燃料，按燃烧反应计量方程式完全燃烧所需要的空气量（指干空气），称之为气体燃料的理论空气量，用v0表示。在实际工作过程中，可以根据气体燃料的成分计算出来，送进锅炉的空气量v称为实际空气量，用v表示，该数值从实际经验来看，要比理论空气量要大，这其中，比理论空气量多出的那一部分空气，就是过量空气。从而可以知道，实际上实际空气量就是理论空气量与过量空气量的总和。实际空气量与理论空气量的比值称为过量空气系数，使用α表示，即α=v/v0。从技术控制角度来看，过量空气系数α，对于燃气锅炉的燃烧效率和运行实际运行状况，有着非常重要的影响。具体来说，如果α值偏小，燃气锅炉内的天然气就不能够进行充分的燃烧，导致一部分天然气的浪费。
Under the standard state of air coefficient, the theoretical air volume of 1 cubic meter gas fuel, which is called the theoretical air volume of gas fuel, is expressed in v0. In the actual working process, according to the composition of gas fuel, we can calculate the air quantity V into the boiler, which is called the actual air quantity. The value expressed by V is larger than the theoretical air quantity from the practical experience. Among them, the part of air which is more than the theoretical air quantity is the excess air. So we can know that the actual air volume is the sum of theoretical air volume and excess air volume. The ratio of actual air volume to theoretical air volume is called excess air coefficient, which is expressed by alpha, i.e. alpha=v/v0. From the point of view of technical control, excess air coefficient alpha has a very important influence on combustion efficiency and actual operation of gas-fired boilers. Specifically, if the value of alpha is too small, the natural gas in the gas-fired boiler can not be fully burned, resulting in a part of the waste of natural gas.
2.合理控制燃气锅炉的出水温度
2. Reasonable control of outlet water temperature of gas-fired boilers
在燃气锅炉的实际工作运行过程中，供热情况会不断发生变化，遇到天气的变化，锅炉供热地带的热量总需求就会跟着发生变化。在之中，白天和晚上的热量需求情况也是有差异的，这就需要燃气锅炉在要时刻根据总热量需求的变化，对燃气和空气的输送量进行科学合理的调节，以保证锅炉的运行效率，既能保证必要的热量需求供应，又不
During the actual operation of gas-fired boilers, the heating situation will change constantly. When the weather changes, the total heat demand in the heating zone of the boilers will change accordingly. In a day, the heat demand of day and night is also different, which requires gas-fired boilers to adjust the gas and air conveyance scientifically and reasonably according to the change of total heat demand at all times in order to ensure the operation efficiency of the boilers, not only to ensure the necessary heat demand supply, but also not to.
浪费燃气资源。现阶段使用带电子比例调节的低氮燃烧器比较多，对于这种燃烧器主要是通过单回路PID对出水温度进行调节控制，在此基础上，根据出水温度的设定值与实际出水温度检测值的差值，对调节燃料阀进行调整，使其逐渐达到合理的状态。在这个过程中，如果为了让燃烧效果达到好，还可以直接提升烟气含氧量，从而保证空气中的氧气充足。
Waste gas resources. At present, there are many low nitrogen burners with electronic proportional control. For this kind of burner, the outlet water temperature is mainly controlled by single-loop PID. On this basis, according to the difference between the set value of outlet water temperature and the measured value of actual outlet water temperature, the fuel valve is adjusted to make it more reasonable gradually. The state of being. In this process, in order to achieve the best combustion effect, the oxygen content of flue gas can also be directly increased, thus ensuring sufficient oxygen in the air.
3.合理控制烟气含氧量
3. Reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas
从实际的情况来看，在锅炉燃烧时，对烟气的含氧量进行合理控制，也可以在一定程度上降低燃料的浪费。是技术方面，在燃烧控制系统中加入一个控制回路，这个控制回路的主要功能是对燃烧流量与空气流量的变比值进行控制，这种控制系统，也称烟气氧含量的闭环控制系统。通过使用这一控制系统，使得锅炉在整个生产过程中保证经济的燃烧。从现阶段的实际情况来看，比较常用的是烟气中的含氧量。因此，可以说，在锅炉燃烧过程中，通过加入控制回路，进一步提高对烟气含氧量的合理控制，这种方法技术比较简单，并且具备一定的经济性。烟气含氧量的控制，要结合燃起锅炉的实际运行状态，在不同的作业情况下，要合理调整烟气含氧量的比值，尽可能做到既满足锅炉燃烧的需要，同时有降低能耗。
From the actual situation, when the boiler burns, reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas can also reduce the waste of fuel to a certain extent. In technology, a control loop is added to the combustion control system. The main function of this control loop is to control the variable ratio of combustion flow and air flow. This control system is also called closed-loop control system of oxygen content in flue gas. By using this control system, the boiler can ensure the most economical combustion in the whole production process. From the actual situation at this stage, the more commonly used is the oxygen content in flue gas. Therefore, it can be said that in the process of boiler combustion, the reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas can be further improved by adding control loops. This method is relatively simple and economical. The control of oxygen content in flue gas should be combined with the actual operation status of the ignited boiler. Under different operating conditions, the ratio of oxygen content in flue gas should be adjusted reasonably so as to meet the needs of boiler combustion and reduce energy consumption as far as possible.
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