1、 To optimize the open type radiation work and achieve the same application purpose, toxic radiation should be selected

性核素，并将使用量(放射性活度)控制在需要量的值。这样即可装将该核素造成内照射的危害降可以合理达到的程度。

Sex nuclide, and the amount of use (radioactivity) is controlled at the value of the required amount. In this way, the damage caused by internal irradiation can be reduced to a reasonable level.

例如.在医疗工作中,应用放射性碘诊断甲状腺疾病，可以认为131I、125I123I具有相同的作用,，但三者使甲状腺接受的剂量却相差很大。如均用7.4X104Bq(2μCi)对患者进行诊断时。由于1231的半衰期短(13h).γ射线能量单一且较低(0.159MeV),属于低毒型放射性核素.不仅使γ照相机的影像较清晰，诊断阳性率高，而且它给予甲状腺的剂量仅相当于1311的1%左右。因此，现在提倡诊断甲状腺疾病用1231代替‘1251和’1311.

For example, in the medical work, 131I and 125i123i have the same role in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, but the doses they receive are quite different. If all patients were diagnosed with 7.4x104bq (2 μ CI). Because the half-life of 1231 is short (13h), and the energy of γ - ray is single and low (0.159mev), it belongs to low toxic radionuclide. It not only makes the image of γ camera clear, but also has a high positive rate of diagnosis. Moreover, the dose it gives to thyroid is only about 1% of 1311. Therefore, 1231 instead of 1251 and 1311 is now advocated for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases

二、内外照射防护兼顾

2、 Both internal and external radiation protection

有些开放型放射性工作场所，使用的放射性核素是混合辐射体，既放出高LET（传能线密度）α或β粒子，又放出低的LETγ射线，因此，即要防止内照射，以要防护外照射。例如医学上操作131I，在利用时间、距离、屏蔽防护外照射的同时，还要利用通风柜等设施进行操作，防止131I的污染，并坱具备处理废水、废物的设施工，如废水衰变池和废物储存箱等。

In some open radioactive workplaces, the radionuclides used are mixed radiators, which not only emit high let (energy transmission linear density) α or β particles, but also emit low let γ rays. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent internal radiation and protect external radiation. For example, when operating 131I in medicine, when using time, distance and shielding to protect external radiation, we should also use ventilation cabinet and other facilities to operate to prevent 131I pollution, and have the facilities and construction of wastewater and waste treatment, such as wastewater decay pool and waste storage tank.

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